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School of Computing

Rolf Schwitter

  • Rolf Schwitter


  • Email: Rolf.Schwitter@mq.edu.au
  • Location: Becton-Dickinson (BD) Building, Level 3, Room 359
  • Phone: +61-2-9850-9533
  • Fax: +61-2-9850-9551
  • Address: School of Computing, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia

    • Position

    I am a Senior Lecturer in the School of Computing and associated with the Centre for Language Technology at Macquarie University. I was the President of the Australasian Language Technology Association between 2007 and 2008. Between July 2007 and June 2008, I was a NICTA Fellow and worked on the SAIL (Situation Awareness by Inference and Logic) project where we developed techniques for higher level data fusion.


    Research

    My main research interests are: Natural (and formal) language processing, in particular: controlled natural languages, conceptual modelling, knowledge representation, and (probabilistic) logic programming.

    I am working on the PENGASP project where I am developing a computer-processable controlled natural language that is easy to learn, to write, and to process. Specifications written in PENGASP are automatically translated into executable answer set programs. These answer set programs represent the knowledge of the specifications in a declarative way and reasoning over these specifications (in our case question answering) can be performed by an answer set solver. Answer set programs can be verbalised again in controlled natural language; this makes semantic round-tripping possible between the controlled natural language and the answer set program. PENGASP can deal with temporal information using an answer set programming based extension of the event calculus as background theory. Recently, I got excited about probabilistic logic programming and its applications in the field of machine learning (in particular where symbolic and subsymbolic information needs to be interfaced to achieve explainability of models).

    Before I came to Australia in late 2000, I worked in the Institute of Computational Linguistics at the University of Zurich where we developed ExtrAns - a system for extracting precise answers from technical documents. Before I joined the Computational Linguistics Group, I was a member of the Requirements Engineering Research Group at the same institution where I worked on the Attempto Controlled English project and completed my PhD.

    If you want to know more about my research interests or have a chat, then please send me an email.


    Publications

    2023

    K. Purnell and R. Schwitter. Error-free Smart Legal Contracts without Programmers. Extended Abstract. To be presented at the 39th International Conference on Logic Programming, Imperial College London, UK, July 9-15, 2023.

    K. Purnell and R. Schwitter. User-Guided Machine Understanding of Legal Documents. In: New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, JSAI-isAI 2021 Workshops, JURISIN, LENLS18, SCIDOCA, Kansei-AI, AI-BIZ, Yokohama, Japan, November 13-15, 2021, Revised Selected Papers, July 2023.

    R. Schwitter. Controlled Languages. In: Sin-Wai Chan (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology, Chapter 30, pp. 512-528, 2nd Edition, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.

    B.A. Hossain, Md. S. Hossain Mukta, A. Islam, A. Zaman, R. Schwitter. Natural Language Based Conceptual Modelling Frameworks: State of the Art and Future Opportunities. ACM Computing Surveys, pp. 1-25, May 2023.

    2022

    R. Schwitter. Specifying Optimisation Problems for Declarative Programs in Precise Natural Language. In: Proceedings of the 20th Annual Workshop of the Australasian Language Technology Association (ALTA2022), pp. 68-72, 2022.

    K. Purnell and R. Schwitter. Declarative Smart Contract Testing by Domain Experts. Proceedings of the 16th International Rule Challenge and 6th Doctoral Consortium @ RuleML+RR 2022 co-located with 18th Reasoning Web Summer School (RW 2022) and 14th DecisionCAMP 2022 as part of Declarative AI 2022, CEUR, Vol-3229, 2022.

    K. Purnell and R. Schwitter. User-Guided Machine Understanding of Legal Documents. Selected paper to be published in the post-proceedings of JURISIN 2021, Springer LNCS, 2022.

    A. Salam, R. Schwitter, M. A. Orgun. HESIP: a Hybrid System for Explaining Sub-symbolic Predictions. In: G. Long et al. (Eds.): AI2021, LNAI 13151, pp. 27-39, 2022.

    K. Purnell and R. Schwitter. User-Defined Smart Contracts using Answer Set Programming. In: G. Long et al. (Eds.): AI2021, LNAI 13151, pp. 291-303, 2022.

    2021

    A. Salam, R. Schwitter, M. A. Orgun. Generating and Modifying Natural Language Explanations. To be presented at the 19th Annual Workshop of the Australasian Language Technology Association (ALTA 2021), 8-10 December, 2021, Virtual Workshop.

    R. Schwitter. The Grammar of PENGASP Explained. Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Controlled Natural Language (CNL 2020/21), 8/9 September, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2021. [PDF]

    A. Salam, R. Schwitter, M. A. Orgun. Human-understandable and Machine-processable Explanations for Sub-symbolic Predictions. Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Controlled Natural Language (CNL 2020/21), 8/9 September, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2021. [PDF]

    A. Salam, R. Schwitter, M. A. Orgun. Probabilistic Rule Learning Systems: A Survey. In: ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 54, No. 4, Article 79, 2021. [PDF]

    2020

    R. Schwitter. Lossless Semantic Round-Tripping in PENGASP. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-20), Demonstrations Track, pp. 5291-5293, Yokohama, Japan, 2020. [PDF]

    B.A. Hossain, A. Salam, R. Schwitter. A Survey on Automatically Constructed Universal Knowledge Bases. In: Journal of Information Science (JIS), pp. 1-24, First Published June 4, 2020. [PDF]

    B.A. Hossain, R. Schwitter. Semantic Round-Tripping in Conceptual Modelling using Restricted Natural Language. In: Proceedings of Databases Theory and Applications, 31st Australasian Database Conference, LNCS 12008, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 3-15, 2020. [PDF]

    2019

    K. Purnell, R. Schwitter. Towards Declarative Smart Contracts. In: Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Distributed Ledger Technology, 10th December, Brisbane, Australia, 2019.

    B.A. Hossain, G. Rajan, Rolf Schwitter. CNLER: A Controlled Natural Language for Specifying and Verbalising Entity Relationship Models. In: Proceedings of the 17th Annual Workshop of the Australasian Language Technology Association (ALTA 2019), 4-6 December, University of Technology Sydney, 2019.

    A. Salam, R. Schwitter, M. A. Orgun. Answering Why-Questions using Probabilistic Logic Programming. In: AI 2019: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 32nd Australasian Joint Conference, LNAI11919, pp. 153-164, 2019.

    A. Salam, R. Schwitter, M. A. Orgun. Learning Probabilistic Rules for Answering Why-Questions. In: Proceedings of the First International Workshop Interpretability: Methodologies and Algorithms (IMA2019), 2 December 2019, Adelaide, Australia, 2019.

    R. Schwitter. Augmenting an Answer Set based Controlled Natural Language with Temporal Expressions. In: A.C. Nayak and A. Sharma (Eds.): PRICAI 2019: Trends in Artificial Intelligence, LNAI 11670, pp. 500-513, 2019.

    M. Hasan, M. A. Orgun, R. Schwitter. Real-Time Event Detection from the Twitter Data Stream Using the TwitterNews+ Framework. In: Journal of Information Processing and Management, Volume 56, Issue 3, pp. 1146-1165, 2019.

    R. Schwitter. Specifying Weak Constraints in Processable English. In: Proceedings of the Australasian Computer Science Week Multiconference (ACSW 2019), Article No. 56, 29-31 January, Sydney, Australia, 2019.

    2018

    B.A. Hossain, R. Schwitter. Specifying Conceptual Models Using Restricted Natural Language. In: Proceedings of the 16th Annual Workshop of The Australasian Language Technology Association (ALTA 2018), pp. 44-52, 2018.

    R. Schwitter. Specifying and Verbalising Answer Set Programs in Controlled Natural Language. In: Journal of Theory and Practice of Logic Programming, Vol. 18, Special Issue 3-4, pp. 691-705, 2018.

    2017

    R. Schwitter. Learning Effect Axioms via Probabilistic Logic Programming. In: Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP2017), OASIcs, Vol. 57, Article No. 8, pp. 8:1-8:15, 2017.

    M. Hasan, M. A. Orgun, R. Schwitter. A Survey on Real-Time Event Detection from the Twitter Data Stream. In: Journal of Information Science, pp. 1-21, 2017. (Preprint).

    S. Guy, R. Schwitter. The PENGASP System: Architecture, Language and Authoring Tool. In: Journal of Language Resources and Evaluation, Special Issue: Controlled Natural Language, Vol. 51, Issue 1, pp. 67-92, 2017.

    2016

    A. Salam, R. Schwitter, M. Orgun. Answering Why-Questions using Probabilistic Logic Programming. To be presented at the 32nd Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AI 2019), Adelaide, 2nd December 2019.

    M. Hasan, M. Orgun, R. Schwitter. TwitterNews+: A Framework for Real Time Event Detection from the Twitter Data Stream. In: E. Spiro and Y.Y. Ahn, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Informatics (SocInfo 2016), Part I, LNCS 10046, Springer, pp. 224-239, 2016.

    S.R. Heiyanthuduwage, R. Schwitter, M. Orgun. A Learning Ontology with Metadata and User Profiles for Enhancing Accessibility of Resources. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on e-Learning, e-Management and e-Services (IC3e), pp. 85-90, 2016.

    C. Nalbandian, R. Schwitter. A Speech Interface to the PENG(ASP) System. In: B. Davis et al. (eds.), CNL2016, LNAI 9767, Springer, pp. 48-57, 2016.

    S.R. Heiyanthuduwage, R. Schwitter, M. Orgun. OWL 2 Learn Profile: An Ontology Sublanguage for the Learning Domain. In: SpringerPlus, 5:291, pp. 1-24, 2016.

    2015

    R. Schwitter, S. Guy. Answer Set Programming for Controlled Natural Language Processing. In: Marcello Balduccini et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Joint LNMR/NLPAR Workshop at LPNMAR 2015, pp. 15-26, 2015.

    R. Schwitter. Controlled Language. In: Sin-Wai Chan (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology, Chapter 28, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

    R. Schwitter. Handling Defaults and their Exceptions in Controlled Natural Language. In: N. Gala, R. Rapp, G. Bel-Enguix (eds.), Recent Advances in Language Production, Cognition and the Lexicon. Series: Text, Speech and Language Technology, Vol. 48, pp. 315-332, 2015.

    2014

    K. Chhogyal, A. Nayak, R. Schwitter, A. Sattar. Probabilistic Belief Revision via Imaging. In: D.-N. Pham and S.-B. Park (Eds.): PRICAI 2014, LNAI 8862, pp. 694-707, 2014.

    R. Schwitter. Controlled Natural Language Processing as Answer Set Programming: an Experiment. In: B. Davis et al. (Eds.): CNL 2014, LNAI 8625, pp. 8-19, 2014.

    S. Guy, R. Schwitter. Architecture of a Web-based Predictive Editor for Controlled Natural Language Processing. In: B. Davis et al. (Eds.): CNL 2014, LNAI 8625, pp. 167-178, 2014.

    S.R. Heiyanthuduwage, R. Schwitter, M.A. Orgun. Towards an OWL 2 Profile for Defining Learning Ontologies. In: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2014), IEEE, pp. 553-555, 2014.

    2013

    R. Schwitter. Working with Defaults in a Controlled Natural Language. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Workshop of the Australasia Language Technology Association (ALTA Workshop 2013), 4-6 December, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pp. 106-110, 2013.

    R. Schwitter. The Jobs Puzzle: Taking on the Challenge via Controlled Natural Language Processing. In: Journal of Theory and Practice of Logic Programming, Vol. 13, Special Issue 4-5, pp. 487-501, 2013.

    S.R. Heiyanthuduwage, R. Schwitter, M.A. Orgun. An Adaptive Learning System using Plug and Play Ontologies. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering (TALE), pp. 429-434, 2013.

    2012

    R. Schwitter. Specifying Probabilistic Logic Programs in Controlled Natural Language. In: N. Seyff and A. Koziolek (eds.), Modelling and Quality in Requirements Engineering, Essays Dedicated to Martin Glinz on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, Verlagshaus Monsenstein und Vannerdat, pp. 105-116, 2012.

    R. Schwitter. Processing Incomplete Temporal Information in Controlled Natural Language. In: P. Anthony, M. Ishizuka, and D. Lukose (eds.): PRICAI 2012, LNAI 7458, Springer, pp. 516-527, 2012.

    R. Schwitter. Answer Set Programming via Controlled Natural Language Processing. In: T. Kuhn and N. E. Fuchs (eds.), CNL 2012, LNCS 7427, Springer, pp. 26-43, 2012.

    K. Chhogyal, A. Nayak, R. Schwitter, A. Sattar. A Causal Model for Fluctuating Sugar Levels in Diabetes Patients. In: Australasian Medical Journal, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 497-502, 2012.

    R. Schwitter. Working with Events and States in PENG Light. In: M. Rosner and N. E. Fuchs (eds.), Controlled Natural Language, Second International Workshop, CNL 2010, Revised Papers, LNAI 7175, Springer, pp. 154-174, 2012.

    2011

    K. Chhogyal, A. Nayak, R. Schwitter, A. Sattar. A Simple Causal Model for Glucose Metabolism in Diabetes Patients. In: Proceedings of the First Australian Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Health (AIH 2011), held in conjunction with the 24th Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AI 2011), 5th December, Perth, Australia, pp. 9-18, 2011.

    R. Schwitter. Processing Coordinated Structures in PENG Light. In: D. Wang and M. Reynolds (eds.), Proceedings of AI 2011, LNAI 7106, Perth, Australia, pp. 658-667, 2011.

    R. Schwitter. Specifying Events and their Effects in Controlled Natural Language. In: N. A. Aziz, K. Hasida, A. W. A. Rahman and H. Saito (eds.), Computational Linguistics and Related Fields, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier, Vol. 27, pp. 12-21, 2011.

    2010

    R. Schwitter. PENG Light meets the Event Calculus. In: M. Rosner, N. E. Fuchs (eds.), CNL 2010, 2nd Workshop on Controlled Natural Languages, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 622, September 13-15, Marettimo Island (Sicily), Italy, 2010.

    R. Schwitter. Controlled Natural Languages for Knowledge Representation. In: Proceedings of COLING 2010, Beijing, China, pp. 1113-1121, 2010.

    R. Schwitter. Anaphora Resolution Involving Interactive Knowledge Acquisition. In: N. E. Fuchs (ed.), Workshop on Controlled Natural Languages, CNL 2009, LNCS/LNAI 5972, Springer, pp. 36-55, 2010.

    A. Wyner, K. Angelov, G. Barzdins, D. Damljanovic, N. Fuchs, S. Hoefler, K. Jones, K. Kaljurand, T. Kuhn, M. Luts, J. Pool, M. Rosner, R. Schwitter, and J. Sowa. On Controlled Natural Languages: Properties and Prospects. In: N. E. Fuchs (ed.), Workshop on Controlled Natural Languages, CNL 2009, LNCS/LNAI 5972, Springer, pp. 281-289, 2010.

    R. Schwitter. Creating and Querying Formal Ontologies via Controlled Natural Language. In: T. Meyer and M. Orgun (eds.), Applied Artificial Intelligence, 24(1), pp. 149-174, 2010.

    2009

    R. Schwitter. Let's talk about NLP and Automated Reasoning without Getting Grey Hair. In: S. Clematide, M. Klenner, M. Volk (eds.), Searching Answers, Festschrift in Honour of Michael Hess on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, MV-Wissenschaft, pp. 119-126, 2009.

    L. Pizzato, R. Schwitter, (eds.), Proceedings of the 2009 Australasian Language Technology Association Workshop 2009, ALTA, 3-4 December 2009, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

    C. White, R. Schwitter. An Update on PENG Light. In: L. Pizzato and R. Schwitter (eds.), Proceedings of ALTA 2009, Sydney, Australia, pp. 80-88, 2009.

    F. Baader, A. Bauer, P. Baumgartner, A. Cregan, A. Gabaldon, K. Ji, K. Lee, D. Rajaratnam and R. Schwitter. A Novel Architecture for Situation Awareness Systems. In: M. Giese and A. Waaler, (eds.), Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods (TABLEAUX 2009), LNAI 5607, pp. 77-92, 2009.

    R. Schwitter. Anaphora Resolution Involving Interactive Knowledge Acquisition. In: N. E. Fuchs (ed.), CNL 2009, Pre-Proceedings of the Workshop on Controlled Natural Processing, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 448, 2009.

    L. Pretorius, R. Schwitter. Towards Processable Afrikaans. In: N. E. Fuchs (ed.), CNL 2009, Pre-Proceedings of the Workshop on Controlled Natural Language, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 448, 2009.

    2008

    T. Kuhn, R. Schwitter. Writing Support for Controlled Natural Languages. In: D. Powers and N. Stockes (eds.): Proceedings of ALTA 2008, December 8-10, Tasmania, Australia, pp. 46-54, 2008.

    R. Schwitter. Reconstructing Hard Problems in a Human-readable and Machine-processable Way. In: T.-B. Ho and Z.-H. Zhou (eds.): Proceedings of PRICAI 2008, LNAI 5351, pp. 1046-1052, 2008.

    R. Schwitter. Working for Two: a Bidirectional Grammar for a Controlled Natural Language. In: W. Wobcke and M. Zhang (eds.): Proceedings of AI 2008, LNAI 5360, pp. 168-179, 2008.

    R. Schwitter. Creating and Querying Linguistically Motivated Ontologies. In: Proceedings of the Knowledge Representation Ontology Workshop (KROW 2008), Conference in Research and Practice in Information Technology, Vol. 90, pp. 71-80, 2008.

    R. Schwitter, M. Tilbrook. Meaningful Web Annotations for Humans and Machines using Controlled Natural Language. In: Expert Systems, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 253-267, July 2008.

    R. Schwitter, K. Kaljurand, A. Cregan, C. Dolbear, G. Hart. A Comparison of three Controlled Natural Languages for OWL 1.1. In: OWL Experiences and Directions, 4th International Workshop, Washington, USA, 1-2 April, 2008, list of OWLED papers.

    R. Schwitter. A Controlled Natural Language for the Semantic Web. In: Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol. 17, No. 1-3, pp. 125-141, 2008.

    2007

    S. Cassidy, R. Schwitter. An evaluation of portfolio assessment in an undergraduate Web Technology unit. In: Proceedings of the Assessment in Science Teaching and Learning Symposium, Uniserve Science, September 28, 2007, The University of Sydney, Sydney Australia, pp. 16-21, 2007.

    A. Cregan, R. Schwitter, T. Meyer. Sydney OWL Syntax - towards a Controlled Natural Language Syntax for OWL 1.1. In: Proceedings of the OWLED 2007 Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions, Innsbruck, Austria, 6-7, June 2007, CEUR-WS, Vol. 258, 2007.

    N. E. Fuchs, R. Schwitter. Web-Annotations for Humans and Machines. In: E. Franconi, M. Kifer, W. May (eds.), The Semantic Web: Research and Applications, Proceedings, 4th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2007, Innsbruck, Austria, LNCS 4519, pp. 458-472, June 2007.

    R. Schwitter, M. Tilbrook. Dynamic Semantics at Work. In: A. Sakurai, K. Hasida and K. Nitta (eds.), New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, JSAI 2003 and JSAI 2004 Conferences and Workshops, Niigata, Japan, June 23-27, 2003, Kanazawa, Japan, May 31-June 4, 2004, Revised Selected Papers, LNCS 3609, Springer, pp. 416-426, 2007.

    2006

    R. Schwitter, M. Tilbrook. Annotating Websites with Machine-processable Information in Controlled Natural Language. In: M. A. Orgun and T. Meyer (eds.), Advances in Ontologies 2006, Proceedings of the Second Australasian Ontology Workshop (AOW 2006), Hobart, Australia, 5 December 2006, Australian Computer Society, Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology, Volume 72, pp. 75-84, 2006.

    R. Schwitter, M. Tilbrook. Writing RSS feeds in a Machine-processable Controlled Natural Language. Presented (but not published) at CLAW2006, 5th International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications, Cambridge, MA, USA, 12th August 2006.

    R. Schwitter, M. Tilbrook. Let's Talk in Description Logic via Controlled Natural Language. In: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Logic and Engineering of Natural Language Semantics (LENLS2006) in Conjunction with the 20th Annual Conference of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, Tokyo, Japan, June 5-6, pp. 193-207, 2006.

    2005

    R. Schwitter. Controlled Natural Language as Interface Language to the Semantic Web. In: B. Prasad (editor), Proceedings of the 2nd Indian International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IICAI-05), Pune, India, December 20-22, pp. 1699-1718, 2005.

    R. Schwitter. A Controlled Natural Language Layer for the Semantic Web. In: S. Zhang and R. Jarvis (eds.), AI 2005, Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 18th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Australia, December 5-9, LNCS 3809, pp. 425-434, 2005.

    R. Schwitter. A Layered Controlled Natural Language for Knowledge Representation. In: S. Cardey, P. Greenfield and S. Vienney (eds.), Machine Translation, Controlled Languages and Specialised Languages: Special Issue of Linguisticae Investigationes, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 85-106, 2005.

    R. Schwitter, R. Dale, D. Chan. Delivering Automated Health Monitoring via Telephone. In: S. Rubinelli and J. Haes (eds.), Tailoring Health Messages, Proceedings of the International Conference Monte Verità, July 6-10, pp. 143-147, 2005.

    2004

    R. Schwitter, M. Tilbrook. Controlled Natural Language meets the Semantic Web. In: A. Asudeh, C. Paris, S. Wan (eds.), Proceedings of the Australasian Language Technology Workshop 2004, Macquarie University, 8th December 2004, pp. 55-62, 2004.

    R. Schwitter. Representing Knowledge in Controlled Natural Language: A Case Study. In: M. G. Negoita, R. J. Howlett, L. C. Jain (eds.), Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, 8th International Conference, KES2004, Wellington, New Zealand, September 2004, Proceedings, Part I, Springer LNAI 3213, pp. 711-717, 2004.

    R. Schwitter. Dynamic Semantics for a Controlled Natural Language. In: Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA 2004), NLIS'04: 4th International Workshop on Natural Language and Information Systems, 30 August - 3 September 2004, Zaragoza, Spain, pp. 43-47, 2004.

    R. Schwitter, M. Tilbrook. Dynamic Semantics at Work. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Logic and Engineering of Natural Language Semantics (in conjunction with the 18th Annual Conference of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, 2004), in Kanazawa (Japan), May 31, pp. 49-60, 2004.

    R. Schwitter. A Layered Controlled Natural Language for Knowledge Representation. In: Abstract for Journées Linguistiques, Machine Translation, Controlled Languages, and Specialised Languages, Besançon (France), May 5 + 6, p. 20, 2004.

    R. Schwitter, F. Rinaldi, S. Clematide. The Importance of How-Questions in Technical Domains. In: Proceedings of TALN 2004 - Workshops, 11th Conference on Natural Language Processing, Question-Answering Workshop, Fès, Morocco, April 19-22, pp. 451-460, 2004.

    F. Rinaldi, M. Hess, J. Dowdall, D. Mollá, R. Schwitter. Question Answering in Terminology-rich Technical Domains. In: M. T. Maybury (editor), New Directions in Question Answering, AAAI/MIT Press, pp. 71-82, 2004.

    2003

    R. Schwitter. Incremental Chart Parsing with Predictive Hints. In: Proceedings of the Australasian Language Technology Workshop 2003, December 10, University of Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-8, 2003.

    F. Rinaldi, J. Dowdall, M. Hess, D. Mollá, R. Schwitter, K. Kaljurand. Knowledge-Based Question Answering. In: V. Palade, R. J. Howlett, L. Jain (eds). Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, 7th International Conference, KES 2003, Oxford, UK, September 3-5, 2003, Proceedings, Part I, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 2773, pp. 785-792, Springer-Verlag, 2003.

    R. Schwitter, Md Tawhidul Islam. S-Tutor - A Speech-based Tutoring System. In: U. Hoppe, F. Verdejo, J. Kay (eds), Artificial Intelligence in Education, Shaping the Future of Learning through Intelligent Technologies, IOS Press Ohmsha, pp. 503-505, 2003.

    D. Mollá, R. Schwitter, F. Rinaldi, J. Dowdall, M. Hess. Anaphora Resolution in ExtrAns, ARQAS, Anaphora Resolution in Question Answering and Summarization. In: Proceedings of 2003 International Symposium on Reference Resolution and its Applications to Question Answering and Summarization, Venice, Italy, pp. 67-74, 2003.

    D. Mollá, F. Rinaldi, R. Schwitter, J. Dowdall, M. Hess. Answer Extraction from Technical Texts. In: IEEE Intelligent Systems, July/August, pp. 12-17, 2003.

    R. Schwitter, A. Ljungberg, D. Hood. ECOLE - A Look-ahead Editor for a Controlled Language. In: Controlled Translation, Proceedings of EAMT-CLAW03, Joint Conference combining the 8th International Workshop of the European Association for Machine Translation and the 4th Controlled Language Application Workshop, May 15-17, Dublin City University, Ireland, pp. 141-150, 2003.

    D. Mollá, R. Schwitter, F. Rinaldi, J. Dowdall, and M. Hess. NLP for Answer Extraction in Technical Domains. In: Proceedings of the EACL 2003, Workshop on Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Questions Answering, April 14, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 5-12, 2003.

    K. Böttger, R. Schwitter, D. Mollá, D. Richards. Towards Reconciling Use Cases via Controlled Language and Graphical Models. In: O. Bartenstein, U. Geske, M. Hannebauer, O. Yoshie (eds.), Web-Knowledge Management and Decision Support, Selected papers from the 14th International Conference on Applications of Prolog, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2543, pp. 119-132, Springer, 2003.

    P. Quaresma, A. Ishikawa, R. Schwitter. Introduction to part II: Knowledge acquisition and knowledge representation. In: O. Bartenstein, U. Geske, M. Hannebauer, O. Yoshie (eds.), Web-Knowledge Management and Decision Support, Selected papers from the 14th International Conference on Applications of Prolog, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2543, pp. 67-69, Springer, 2003.

    R. Dale, D. Mollá, R. Schwitter. Natural Language Processing in the Undergraduate Curriculum. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Australasian Computing Education Conference (ACE2003), 4-7 February 2003, Adelaide, Australia, 2003.

    2002

    R. Schwitter, A. Ljungberg. How to Write a Document in Controlled Natural Language. In: Proceedings of the Seventh Australasian Document Computing Symposium, Sydney, Australia, December 16, pp. 133-136, 2002.

    R. Schwitter. Developing a Behavioral Specification in Controlled English. In: AI 2002, Workshop Proceedings, Natural Language Processing, 2nd December 2002, Canberra, Australia, pp. 55-62, 2002.

    R. Schwitter. English as a Formal Specification Language. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA 2002), W04: Third International Workshop on Natural Language and Information Systems - NLIS, 2-6 September 2002, Aix-en-Provence, France, pp. 228-232, 2002.

    F. Rinalid, J. Dowdall, M. Hess, D. Mollá and R. Schwitter. Towards Answer Extraction: An Application to Technical Domains. In: F. van Harmelen (ed.), ECAI 2002, Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 460-464, 2002.

    R. Dale, D. Mollá and R. Schwitter. Evangelising Language Technology: A Practically-Focused Undergraduate Program. In: Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Effective Tools and Methodologies for Teaching NLP and CL, 7th July, University of Pennsylvania, USA, pp. 27-32, 2002.

    F. Rinaldi, M. Hess, D. Mollá, R. Schwitter, J. Dowdall, G. Schneider, R. Fournier. Answer Extraction in Technical Domains. In: A. Gelbukh, Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2276, pp. 360-369, Springer, 2002.

    2001

    R. Schwitter, D. Estival, C. Paris and A. Knott (eds). Proceedings of the 2001 Australasian Natural Language Processing Workshop, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2001.

    K. Böttger, R. Schwitter, D. Richards, O. Aguilera, D. Mollá. Reconciling Use Cases via Controlled Language and Graphical Models. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Applications of Prolog, (INAP 2001) 20-22 October 2001, The University of Tokyo, Japan, pp. 186-195, October 2001.

    D. Mollá, R. Schwitter. From Plain English to Controlled English. In: Proceedings of the 2001 Australasian Natural Language Processing Workshop, 20th April 2001, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, pp. 77-83, April 2001.

    2000

    W. Vasconcelos, R. Schwitter, D. Mollá, J. Cavalcanti. Implementing Prolog-Run WWW Sites. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Applications of Prolog (INAP 2000), 20-22 October 2000, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 60-65, 2000.

    D. Mollá, R. Schwitter, M. Hess, R. Fournier. ExtrAns, an Answer Extraction System. In: Traitement Automatique des Langues, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 495-519, December 2000.

    D. Mollá, G. Schneider, R. Schwitter, M. Hess. Answer Extraction using a Dependency Grammar in ExtrAns. In: Traitement Automatique des Langues, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 127-156, November 2000.

    W. Vasconcelos, R. Schwitter, D. Mollá, J. Cavalcanti. Implementing Prolog-Run WWW Sites. Technical Report 2000.04, Department of Information Technology, University of Zurich, June 2000.

    R. Schwitter, D. Mollá, R. Fournier, M. Hess. Answer Extraction: Towards better Evaluations of NLP Systems. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on "Reading Comprehension Tests as Evaluation for Computer-Based Language Understanding Systems", ANLP-NAACL, Seattle, Washington, May 4, 2000, pp. 20-27, 2000.

    1999

    R. Schwitter, D. Mollá, M. Hess. ExtrAns - Answer Extraction from Technical Documents by Minimal Logical Forms and Selective Highlighting. The Third International Tbilisi Symposium on Language, Logic and Computation,  Batumi, Georgia,  September 12-16, 1999.

    N. E. Fuchs, U. Schwertel, R. Schwitter. Attempto Controlled English (ACE). In: Language Manual, Version 3.0, Technical Report ifi-99.03, University of Zurich, August 1999.

    N. E. Fuchs, U. Schwertel, R. Schwitter. Attempto Controlled English - Not Just Another Logic Specification Language. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1559, Springer, pp. 1-20, 1999.

    1998

    N. E. Fuchs, U. Schwertel, R. Schwitter. Attempto Controlled English (ACE). Language Manual, Version 2.0, Institut für Informatik, Universität Zürich, 1998.

    R. Schwitter. Kontrolliertes Englisch für Anforderungsspezifikationen. Dissertation, Institut für Informatik, Universität Zürich, 1998.

    1997

    N. E. Fuchs, U. Schwertel, R. Schwitter. Attempto - Englisch als (formale) Spezifikationssprache. In: F. Bry, B. Freitag, D. Seipel (eds.), Proceedings of the Twelfth Workshop on Logic Programming WLP '97, Munich, September 1997.

    1996

    R. Schwitter, N. E. Fuchs. Attempto Controlled English (ACE) - A Seemingly Informal Bridgehead in Formal Territory, Abstract. In: M. Maher (ed.), Proceedings of JICSLP'96 (Joint International Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming, Bonn, Germany, September 1996), p. 536, MIT Press, 1996.

    R. Schwitter, N. E. Fuchs. Attempto Controlled English (ACE) - A Seemingly Informal Bridgehead in Formal Territory, Extended Abstract. In: N. E. Fuchs, U. Geske (eds.), Proceedings of the Poster Session at JICSLP´96  (Joint International Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming, Bonn, Germany, September 1996), GMD Studien Nr. 296, pp. 169-180, 1996.

    R. Schwitter, N. E. Fuchs. Attempto - From Specifications in Controlled Natural Language towards Executable Specifications. In: Proceedings of GI EMISA Workshop, Natürlichsprachlicher Entwurf von Informationssystemen, Tutzing, Germany, May 1996.

    N. E. Fuchs, R. Schwitter. Attempto Controlled English (ACE). In: Proceedings of CLAW 96, First International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications, University of Leuven, Belgium, March 1996.

    1995

    N. E. Fuchs, R. Schwitter. Attempto - Controlled Natural Language for Requirements Specifications. In: Proceedings of the Seventh ILPS '95 Workshop on Logic Programming Environments, Portland, Oregon, December 1995.

    N. E. Fuchs, B. Hamberger, R. Schwitter. Attempto - Specifications in Controlled Natural Language. In: Proceedings WLP 95, GLP/ALP/GI Logic Programming Workshop, Technische Universität Wien, September 1995.

    N. E. Fuchs, R. Schwitter. Attempto - Specifications in Controlled Natural Language, Extended Abstract in 10 Pictures. In: Proceedings ESPRIT CompulogNet Area Meeting on Program Development, Utrecht, Netherlands, September 1995.

    N. E. Fuchs, R. Schwitter. Specifying Logic Programs in Controlled Natural Language. In: Proceedings CLNLP 95, ELSNET/COMPULOG-NET/EAGLES Workshop on Computational Logic for Natural Language Processing, University of Edinburgh, April 1995.

    1994

    N. E. Fuchs, H. F. Hofmann, R. Schwitter. Specifying Logic Programs in Controlled Natural Language. Institutsbericht 94.17, Institut für Informatik, Universität Zürich, 1994.

    Poster Presentations

    K. Chhogyal, A. Nayak, R. Schwitter. Causality and Belief Change, presented at the Harvard-Australia Workshop on Language, Learning, and Logic, 22nd-26th August, Sydney, Australia, 2011.

    I. Anisimoff, R. Dale, R. Schwitter. Analysing Hesitation in the Map Task, presented at the Harvard-Australia Workshop on Language, Learning, and Logic, 22nd-26th August, Sydney, Australia, 2011.

    R. Schwitter, A. Ljungberg. How to Write a Document in Controlled Natural Language, 7th Australasian Document Computing Symposium, Sydney, Australia, December 16, 2002.

    R. Schwitter, N. E. Fuchs, U. Schwertel. Attempto - Controlled English (ACE) for Software Specifications, presented by U. Schwertel at CLAW 98, Second International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications, Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, May 1998.

    R. Schwitter, N. E. Fuchs, U. Schwertel. Attempto - Controlled English as a (Formal) Specification Language, ESEC/FSE '97, University of Zurich, September 1997.

    N. E. Fuchs, R. Schwitter. ACE - Controlled English for Executable Specifications, INAP'96, 9th Exhibition and Symposium on Industrial Applications of Prolog, Tokyo Japan, October 1996.


    Conferences

    I usually review for a number of international conferences and workshops each year. In 2021/2022 for:

    • The 18th Annual Workshop of the Australasian Language Technology Association (ALTA2020), 14th - 15th January 2021, Virtual Workshop, 2021.

    • The 14th International Conference on Computational Semantics, (IWCS 2021), 16-18 June 2021, Groningen, Netherlands, 2021.

    • The Seventh International Workshop on Controlled Natural Language (CNL2020/21), 8/9 September 2021, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2021.

    • The 9th Workshop on Probabilistic Logic Programming (PLP 2022), 1st August, Haifa, Israel, 2022.

    • The 6th International Joint Conference on Rules and Reasoning (RuleML + RR 2022), 26-28 September, Berlin, Germany, 2022.

    Teaching

    In the first semester of 2023, I will be teaching:

    and in the second semester:

    • COMP8240 -- Applications of Data Science;
    • COMP8220 -- Advanced Topics in Artificial Intelligence.

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    Last modified: 5th September 2023, Rolf Schwitter